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Open it the Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley (in present-day India and Pakistan; 2500 BCE) Original toplevel document
Human history - Wikipedianonymous with the rise of civilization.[a] Early civilizations arose first in Lower Mesopotamia (3000 BCE),[42][43][44] followed by Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3000 BCE),[9][45] <span>the Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley (in present-day India and Pakistan; 2500 BCE),[46][47] and Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers (2200 BCE).[10][11] These societies developed a number of unifying characteristics, including a central government,